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Early Pandyan Society : ウィキペディア英語版
Early Pandyan Society

The Early Pandyas were one of the dynasties that ruled the ancient Tamil country from the pre-Christian era to about 200 AD. The Sangam works such as Mathuraikkanci, Netunalvatai and the Purananuru collection give a lot of information about the life and habits of the people during this age.
==People==
The Tamil society during the early Pandyan age had several class distinctions among the people, which were different from the Vedic classification of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. The highest class below the king, among the Tamils, was the ''Arivar'' or the sages. They were the ascetics that renounced materialism and mostly lived outside the cities. Next in rank were the ''Ulavar'' or the farmers. Following the ''Ulavar'' were the ''Poruppan'' or the armed warriors, then comes ''Aayar'' or shepherds, then comes ''Vedduvar'' or hunters, followed by artisans such as goldsmiths, blacksmiths etc., then the ''Valayar'' or fishermen and finally the ''Pulayar'' or the scavengers.〔 The higher classes enjoyed more privileges than the lower classes - for example, when the higher classes passed in the streets, the lower classes made way for them. The ''Pulayan'', for example, bowed in supplication if he met a nobleman. The class distinctions were quite conspicuous in many aspects of life - the dress worn by the people, the way they groomed themselves and the kind of food they subsisted on were all different from one class to another. In spite of such class-based social inequalities, there was no slavery in the society.
There were several occupational groups among the people, like washermen, carpenters, blacksmiths, sculptors, goldsmiths, tailors, jewelers, potters, musicians, priests, oilmongers, wine sellers, prostitutes, actresses and cobblers. Each occupational group lived in its own locality called a ''Cheri'' - an arrangement that was made to locate each group without any difficulty, which may have led to the caste system eventually.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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